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1.
An example of the psychological concept of loss aversion is _______.
Holding onto a poorly performing stock. The fear of loss is so great in some people that they will hold on to stocks that are tanking badly, even when they see no real reason for it.
2.
In investing, sunk costs refer to costs that have already been incurred.
True. If the costs of an investment are high, we might become reluctant to dump it due to how much we have put into it.
3.
In the psychology of investing, the "framing effect" refers to _______.
Using a reference point to make investment decisions. Because this reference point can be subjective, it can lead to some rash decisions.
4.
In the world of investing, what does overconfidence refer to?
The ability to think that one is smarter than one really is. Overconfidence stretches normal confidence to unhealthy levels.
5.
Confirmation bias is the practice of _______.
Giving preference to information that supports what we already believe. This practice can sometimes limit our success with investing by shutting out other opportunities.
6.
Mental accounting is a psychological practice that refers to keeping our investments in good condition.
False. Mental accounting really means putting our money in different buckets for different purposes. Its not always harmful, but sometimes it can inadvertently lead to wasteful spending.
7.
Investors who exhibit "herding" behavior tend to think that other investors have more information than they do.
True. Herding refers to investing along with the crowd. This usually entails believing that others have information that you dont.
8.
When you judge an investment by objective standards rather than your own personal ones, you are practicing what is called "anchoring."
False. Anchoring is the other way around, and in some cases it can lead to costly losses.
9.
If you are holding two beliefs that are seemingly at odds with each other and you are uncomfortable doing so, then you are suffering from _______.
Cognitive dissonance. Because of the discomfort, you will need a way to resolve the dissonance.
10.
Self-handicapping bias occurs when we _______.
Think of excuses before we do something to justify failure just in case it happens. These excuses can sabotage our performance.